You may have already said this, is the tissue elastic, viscous or in between?

Why a conformal mapping? Is there a deep physical reason or is it for mathematical convenience?

What happens if you puncture the tube so that pressure drops to zero?

So does morphogenesis stop?

Lev Belousov relieved the pressure inside early Xenopus, and got multiple neural plates.

Did you make a strain map, where strain = distance between 2 cells?

Noah, pardon if you mentioned this— what are the length scales associated with this system? I.e thickness of the sheet relative to the dimensions of the tube?

what is the nature of the substance between the cell layers?

is the muscle contractions isotropic in 2D?

do you know if the muscle layer is complete before morphologic change?

expansion of tube

Can it be a one time contraction of muscle or does it need to be a sustained contraction?

looks like muscle layer herds the ednoderm

may i email you Noah Mitchel have some comments.

Hello!

I’m wondering if the contribution of the muscles cells to endoderm shaping is purely mechanical. Is it possible to somehow culture endodermal cells on some other cell types and induce contractility in these cells to see if forces alone is sufficient to drive endodermal shape changes? Might be challenging to do this in 3D.

Zooming out, what does this research program look like. Is there a zoo of these morphogenetic pathways? Are there certain classes that are used? Are there organizing principles?

consider:

[1.1] Brodland, G.W., Conte, V., Cranston, P.G., Hutson, S., Ulrich, F., Baum, B. and Miodownik, M. (2011) Video Force Microscopy (VFM): A new technique that allows cell-level driving forces to be determined from time-lapse images. Biophysical Journal 100(3), 441.[1.2] Brodland, G.W., Veldhuis, J.H., Kim, S., Perrone, M., Mashburn, D. and Hutson, M.S. (2014) CellFIT: A cellular force-inference toolkit using curvilinear cell boundaries. PLoS One 9(6), #e99116.